Introduction to Algorithms by Thomas H. Cormen, Charles E. Leiserson and Ronald L. Rivest and Clifford Stein : Chapter 3

In this chapter, the author provides definitions of asymptotic notations like $ O $ (Big Oh), $ o $ (Small Oh), $ \Theta $ (Theta), $ \Omega $ (Big Omega) and $ \omega $ (Small Omega). The author also describes transitivity, reflexivity, symmetry and transpose symmetry property of asymptotic functions.

The author then defines several standard mathematical functions and notations which include monotonically increasing/decreasing function, strictly increasing/decreasing function, floor and ceiling of a real number, modular arithmetic, polynomial, exponential, logarithm, polylogarithm, factorial, functional iteration, iterated logarithm function, Fibonacci numbers and golden ratio.